July 7 - Papacy and Empire A Brief Sketch

Gregory I - VII

by the time that we get to Gregory VII, we find a Pope who claims universal authority over the entire world.

Papacy and Empire
A Brief Sketch

I. The Changing Fortunes of the Papacy (Overview)

A. Pontificate of Gregory I (590-604)

B. Stability (600-800)

C. Decline (800-1050

D. Reform (1050-1300)

E. Decline (1300-1517)

II. The Papacy Between 604 and 1046

A. Factors Contributing to Stability (604-814)

1. Papal Diplomacy- wielding power was normal

2. Feudal Structure- pope was greater than dukes, and as great as kings

3. Court of Appeal- the pope develops cannon law that structures relationships between bishops, abbots, and kings. Cannon Law, Church Law, was the law.

*truce of God, peace of God, interdict, and excommunication (other means for the Pope to order society)1378

4. Growth of Territory- as they acquire land, their secular authority is intensified. Donation of Pepin (Pepin the short was the son of Charles the Great). The Pope needs protection from the Lombard's and Pepin needs legitimacy. If the Pope can make kings, then Popes can take away kingdom. extends their lands by thousands of miles. Giant increase in the Papal state. The Pope becomes a real secular leader.

5. The Donation of Constantine

pseudo Isadorian decreedals. 750-850 massive theological justification for the Papal claims to civil authority.

6. Missionary Activity

7. Coronation of Charlemagne

B. Decline in Fortunes (814-1046)

Caroligians are in demise and do not last past 911. Foreign assaults are stepped up. The Pope's power declines in unison with the decline of the Caroligians.

1. Problems of Leadership

2. Invasions: Saracens, Norsemen, Magyars

3. Saxon and Salian Dynasties

Pope - anti Pope

the first Auto, the first Holy Roman Emperor

III. The Papacy in Reform and Decline (1046-1517)

A. The Reform Movement

1. Henry III (Salian King and Emperor)

2. Gregory VII (1073-1085)

3. Innocent III (1198-1216)

4. Boniface VIII (1294-1303)

B. Decline

1. Avignon (1309-1377)

2. The Great Schism (1378-1417)

3. Renaissance Popes (1447-1517)